Method and means for permanently waving hair



p 2- E. DE BAERDEMAEKER- 1,876,868

IBTHOD AND BANS FOR PERHANENTLY WAVING HAIR Filed May 5, 1930 Patented Sept. 13, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT orrlca nnnns'r nn nanannmnxnn, or" nnussELs, BELGIUM jmn'rnon Ann MEANS FOR PERMAN NTLYWAVI G HAIR Application filed May 5, 1930, Serial No.'45 0,037, and in Belgium June 5,1929

T is invention relates to methods and means for giving hair a permanent wave by subjecting each strand or lock of hair wound flaton a curler to a separate baking operation of some minutes in a small closed electrically heated container. It has for its objects to render such processes simpler and more efficient, to enable the hair to be curled closer to the scalp and generally to permit the natu- 19 ral waves'and ringlets to be imitated perfect- 1y without requiring complicated apparatus or too long a preparatoryoperation.

According to my invention, after having wound a lock of hair flat onto a curler, I form around it a fluid tight case by winding in opposite directions two leaves of metal foil leavlug lJtllWH-Il them a longitudinal slot tightly gripping the part of the lock adjacent to the scalp. The side edges'of the metal leavesare I folded together over each end of the curler and the longitudinal slot is rendered fluid tight by a coating of a suitable material. In orderto tighten the edges of the slot and a firmly hold the coil of hairI provide a clip made of malleable metal, preferably in the shape of a semicylindrical comb, which I place in position after having seized the hair between the two metal leaves, whereupon I wrap the leaves around said'clip, this forming a case adapted to be molded on the hair. By this means I am able to prepare easily each coil of hair and submit same to exactly the desired amount of tension While obtain- W .ing a perfect fluid-tightness of each little case. The necessary moisture. is provided by wetting the hair and inserting a thin layer of wedding or the like impregnated with a suitable liquid which I niaintain'around the coil 10 of hair by means of the malleable clip. Owing to the fluid-tightness of the case, the hair remains wet until the end of the process, there no escape of steam and the curler may without any inconvenience to the patient be placed quite close to the head, as is the case with paper curlers.

In order to bake the; hair I fit on each cas a heating clip two jaws of which are preferably each heated separately by an electrical resistance in order to produce a uniform heating otthe case;

. ample.

' The accompanying drawing illustrates one embodiment of the invention byfway of ex- Figures 1, 2, 3-and 4 are perspective views showing thesuccessive stages in the formation 5 of a baking case or container bymeans of sheets of tin foil.

Figures 5 and 6 are perspective'views of two accessories. I

Figure 7 shows also in perspective the baking container placed in the heating clip, and Figure 8 is a view to a larger scale showing the jaws of the heating clip, the baking containerand its contents'in section. I

As shown in Figure 1, the operation is commenced by winding a lock of hair b,

"spread out in a sheet and moistened by means of a suitable product, about itselfround a curler a for example a small aluminium-tube.

Before completing the winding of the lock]; close against the head of the subject, not shown, a sheet of tin foil d slightly larger than the curler a is'inserted between tlieLtwo last turns of the coil of haircin such a way as to overlap at each side of the latter (Fig- 5 are 2). A second sheet of tinfoil e is then fixed on the outside of the coil of hair 0- and held by one edge upon the coil by means of a semi-cylindrical comb-shaped clip vf which is lined internally with a thin layer of wadg ding 9 (Figure 3). This clip-f (Figur'efi) is preferably made of a malleable metal so that it can easily be nipped on to the coil 0 by a'simple finger pressure'and the layer of wadding g is intended to keep the hair moist 5 during the baking. v When the sheets of tin foil d and e have been placed in position the sheet (1 is wound round the coil and the clip f and then the sheet 2 in the other direction overthe sheet d and in thisway a kind of case h is'formed which has closed ends by turning the lateral edges ofthe sheets (2, 6 inside the ends of the curler a, as shown at i in Figure 4. This case it forms the baking container according as to the invention, which is hermetically closed at all parts, a fluid tight joint at the aperture k through which the lock cvpasses between the sheets d, e being obtained by the pressure of the clip f and by a coating of '100 a material such as flour paste and water with which the edges of the aperture k are covered.

The length of the part of the lock which has not been wound upon the curler may be a minimum in view of the fact that it is possible to wind the hair close up to the head before forming the case It and it is sufficient to leave between the latter and the head the necessary space to interpose a small clip Z made of wood or other suitable insulating material in order to avoid any risk of burning the subject during the heating operation.

After having formed such a case it in the manner described above around each of the locks of hair to be waved, each caseis placed in a heating clip m, made ofaluminium or other suitable metal, which comprises two short and wide concave jaws 72 carried by arms 0 pivotally connected to each other at p and controlled by a spring q. Each of the jaws n is heated separately by means of'an electrical resistance r mounted upon-the corresponding arm 0. In this way a uniform heating is ob ained which is transmitted by conduction through the tin foil wall of the baking case or container h to the-coil of hair contained in the latter. As the hair and the layer of wadding g are moist, steam is liberated inside thecase which protects the hair from the objectionable effects of a dry heat and at the same time assists waving. This steam cannot escape from the case through the slot is which is closed in a fluid tight manner by the lock of hair which passes through it and forms a plug with the coating material mentioned above.

- Whenit is desired to wave only that part of the hair near the roots, for example, in order to touch up a head of hair which is still suitably waved, the part of the lock which does not need to be rewaved is wound dry upon the curler a; it is covered with a sheet of tin foil interposed between two turns of hair like the sheet I in Figure 2 and then the remainder of the lock of hair is moistened and wound as far as the roots and thensurrounded with a case as described above. During the heating operation only I the outer moistened part of the coil of hair undergoes the action of the heat while,the inner dry part which is protected by the interposed sheet of tin foil is not aflected and preserves its original wave. It is also possible when the hair is very long to wind the lock of hair only from the middle and to allow the'unwound portion to pass out of one end of the case which is then closed by a suitable ligature.

The heating clips n are provided with insulating handles 8 which permit them to be mafnipulated without danger of burning onesel v Naturally the formation of the case described above may be modified more or less and also the form and nature of the parts without departing on that account from the scope of the invention.

I claim:

1. Apparatus for permanently waving hair comprising a cylindrical core about which a lock of hair isadapted to be wound, and a casing enclosing the hair on the core including gripping means and two leaves of flexible material the edges of which are clamped about the hair on the core by the gripping means and the leaves being wrapped in opposite directions about the hair on the core and the gripping means and having the side edges thereof folded within the edges of the core.

2. Apparatus for permanently waving hair comprising a cylindrical core about which a lock of hair is adapted to be wound, and a casing enclosing the hair on the core including two leaves of flexible material, a clip fastening the adjacent edges of the leaves to the hair on the core, the leaves being wrapped in opposite (.lirections about the hair on the core and about the clip and having the side edges thereof folded within the edges of the core.

3. Apparatus for permanently waving hair comprising a cylindrical core about which a lock of hair is adapted to be wound, a casing enclosing the hair on the core including gripping means and two leaves of flexible material the edges of which are clamped about the hairon the core by the gripping means and the leaves being wrapped in opposite directions about the hair on the core and the gripping means and having the side edges thereof folded within the edges of the core, and heating means arranged about the casing.

4. Apparatus for permanently waving hair comprising a cylindrical core about which a lock of hair is adapted to be wound, a. casing enclosing the hair on the core including gripping means and two leaves of flexible material the edges of which are clamped about the, hair on the core by the gripping means and the leaves being wrapped in opposite directions about the hair on the core and the gripping means and having the side edges thereof folded within the edges of the core, means for sealing the edges of the sheets at the point where the hair leaves the casing, and heating means arranged about the casing.

5. Apparatus for permanently waving hair comprising a cylindrical core about which a lock of hair is adapted to be wound, a casing enclosing the hair on the core including two leaves of flexible material, a cylindrical clip of malleable metal fastening the edges of the sheets to the hair on the core, a lining of absorbent material for the clip, the sheets being wrapped about the hair on the core and about the clip and having the marginal side edges folded within the ends of the cylindrical core, means for sealing the opening of the casing through which the hair rojects, and means applied about the casing or electrically heating the hair enclosed within the casing.

6. Apparatus for permanently waving hair comprising a cylindrical curler about which a lock of hair is adapted to be wound, a casing enclosing the hair on the curler includw ing two leaves of metal foil, a comb-shaped substantially cylindrical clip of malleable material for fastening the sheets to the hair on the curler, a lining of absorbent material for the clip, the leaves being wrapped in op-. posite directions so as to enclose the hair on the curler as well as the clip and having their side edges folded to lie within the edges of the curler, means for sealing the opening in the casing through which the hair projects, and an electrical heating clip fitted about the casing.

7. In an apparatus for permanently waving hair, the combination of a curler, a pair of leaves of metal foil adapted to be wound around said curler, a comb-shaped, substantially cylindrical clip of malleable metal for securing hair coiled on said curler,'andan electrical heating clip adapted to fit around 80 said malleable clip.

ERNEST DE BAERDEMAEKER. 

